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Continual Low-Rank Adapters for LLM-based Generative Recommender Systems

29 October 2025
Hyunsik Yoo
Ting-Wei Li
SeongKu Kang
Zhining Liu
Charlie Xu
Qilin Qi
Hanghang Tong
    CLL
ArXiv (abs)PDFHTML
5 Figures
7 Tables
Appendix:21 Pages
Abstract

While large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in recommendation, they face challenges in continual learning as users, items, and user preferences evolve over time. Existing LoRA-based continual methods primarily focus on preserving performance on previous tasks, but this overlooks the unique nature of recommendation: the goal is not to predict past preferences, and outdated preferences can even harm performance when current interests shift significantly. To address this, we propose PESO (Proximally rEgularized Single evolving lOra, a continual adaptation method for LoRA in recommendation. PESO introduces a proximal regularizer that anchors the current adapter to its most recent frozen state, enabling the model to flexibly balance adaptation and preservation, and to better capture recent user behaviors. Theoretically, we show that this proximal design provides data-aware, direction-wise guidance in the LoRA subspace. Empirically, PESO consistently outperforms existing LoRA-based continual learning methods.

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