Cost-Efficient Serving of LLM Agents via Test-Time Plan Caching

LLM-based agentic applications have shown increasingly remarkable capabilities in complex workflows but incur substantial costs due to extensive planning and reasoning requirements. Existing LLM caching techniques (like context caching and semantic caching), primarily designed for serving chatbots, are insufficient for agentic applications where outputs depend on external data or environmental contexts. We propose agentic plan caching, a novel approach that extracts, stores, adapts, and reuses structured plan templates from planning stages of agentic applications across semantically similar tasks to reduce the cost of serving. Unlike traditional semantic caching, our system extracts plan templates from completed agent executions at test-time, employs keyword extraction to match new requests against cached plans, and utilizes lightweight models to adapt these templates to task-specific plans with contexts. Evaluation across multiple real-world agentic applications shows that our system can reduce costs by 46.62% on average while maintaining performance, offering a more efficient solution for serving LLM-based agents that complements existing LLM serving infrastructures.

@article{zhang2025_2506.14852,
  title={ Cost-Efficient Serving of LLM Agents via Test-Time Plan Caching },
  author={ Qizheng Zhang and Michael Wornow and Kunle Olukotun },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.14852},
  year={ 2025 }
}