Understanding Lookahead Dynamics Through Laplace Transform

We introduce a frequency-domain framework for convergence analysis of hyperparameters in game optimization, leveraging High-Resolution Differential Equations (HRDEs) and Laplace transforms. Focusing on the Lookahead algorithm--characterized by gradient steps $k$ and averaging coefficient $\alpha$--we transform the discrete-time oscillatory dynamics of bilinear games into the frequency domain to derive precise convergence criteria. Our higher-precision $O(\gamma^2)$-HRDE models yield tighter criteria, while our first-order $O(\gamma)$-HRDE models offer practical guidance by prioritizing actionable hyperparameter tuning over complex closed-form solutions. Empirical validation in discrete-time settings demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach, which may further extend to locally linear operators, offering a scalable framework for selecting hyperparameters for learning in games.

@article{sanyal2025_2506.13712,
  title={ Understanding Lookahead Dynamics Through Laplace Transform },
  author={ Aniket Sanyal and Tatjana Chavdarova },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.13712},
  year={ 2025 }
}