Military AI Cyber Agents (MAICAs) Constitute a Global Threat to Critical Infrastructure

This paper argues that autonomous AI cyber-weapons - Military-AI Cyber Agents (MAICAs) - create a credible pathway to catastrophic risk. It sets out the technical feasibility of MAICAs, explains why geopolitics and the nature of cyberspace make MAICAs a catastrophic risk, and proposes political, defensive-AI and analogue-resilience measures to blunt the threat.

@article{dubber2025_2506.12094,
  title={ Military AI Cyber Agents (MAICAs) Constitute a Global Threat to Critical Infrastructure },
  author={ Timothy Dubber and Seth Lazar },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.12094},
  year={ 2025 }
}