Schema Generation for Large Knowledge Graphs Using Large Language Models

Schemas are vital for ensuring data quality in the Semantic Web and natural language processing. Traditionally, their creation demands substantial involvement from knowledge engineers and domain experts. Leveraging the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in related tasks like ontology engineering, we explore automatic schema generation using LLMs. To bridge the resource gap, we introduce two datasets: YAGO Schema and Wikidata EntitySchema, along with evaluation metrics. The LLM-based pipelines effectively utilize local and global information from knowledge graphs (KGs) to generate validating schemas in Shape Expressions (ShEx). Experiments demonstrate LLMs' strong potential in producing high-quality ShEx schemas, paving the way for scalable, automated schema generation for large KGs. Furthermore, our benchmark introduces a new challenge for structured generation, pushing the limits of LLMs on syntactically rich formalisms.

@article{zhang2025_2506.04512,
  title={ Schema Generation for Large Knowledge Graphs Using Large Language Models },
  author={ Bohui Zhang and Yuan He and Lydia Pintscher and Albert Meroño Peñuela and Elena Simperl },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.04512},
  year={ 2025 }
}