HyperSteer: Activation Steering at Scale with Hypernetworks

Steering language models (LMs) by modifying internal activations is a popular approach for controlling text generation. Unsupervised dictionary learning methods, e.g., sparse autoencoders, can be scaled to produce many steering vectors, but lack guarantees on the individual efficacy of each vector and control over the coverage of relevant steering tasks. In contrast, supervised methods for constructing steering vectors are targeted and effective, but require more data collection and training for each additional steering vector produced. In this work, we introduce HyperSteer, a family of hypernetwork-based architectures which are trained end-to-end to generate steering vectors conditioned on the natural language steering prompts and the internals of the steered LM. In our evaluations, we show that scaling HyperSteer with thousands of steering prompts exceeds the performance of state-of-the-art activation steering methods, even on steering prompts never seen during training. Moreover, HyperSteer performs on par with steering-via-prompting.

@article{sun2025_2506.03292,
  title={ HyperSteer: Activation Steering at Scale with Hypernetworks },
  author={ Jiuding Sun and Sidharth Baskaran and Zhengxuan Wu and Michael Sklar and Christopher Potts and Atticus Geiger },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.03292},
  year={ 2025 }
}