Research Community Perspectives on "Intelligence" and Large Language Models

Despite the widespread use of 'ártificial intelligence'' (AI) framing in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research, it is not clear what researchers mean by 'íntelligence''. To that end, we present the results of a survey on the notion of 'íntelligence'' among researchers and its role in the research agenda. The survey elicited complete responses from 303 researchers from a variety of fields including NLP, Machine Learning (ML), Cognitive Science, Linguistics, and Neuroscience. We identify 3 criteria of intelligence that the community agrees on the most: generalization, adaptability, & reasoning. Our results suggests that the perception of the current NLP systems as 'íntelligent'' is a minority position (29%). Furthermore, only 16.2% of the respondents see developing intelligent systems as a research goal, and these respondents are more likely to consider the current systems intelligent.

@article{højer2025_2505.20959,
  title={ Research Community Perspectives on "Intelligence" and Large Language Models },
  author={ Bertram Højer and Terne Sasha Thorn Jakobsen and Anna Rogers and Stefan Heinrich },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.20959},
  year={ 2025 }
}