Towards VM Rescheduling Optimization Through Deep Reinforcement Learning

Modern industry-scale data centers need to manage a large number of virtual machines (VMs). Due to the continual creation and release of VMs, many small resource fragments are scattered across physical machines (PMs). To handle these fragments, data centers periodically reschedule some VMs to alternative PMs, a practice commonly referred to as VM rescheduling. Despite the increasing importance of VM rescheduling as data centers grow in size, the problem remains understudied. We first show that, unlike most combinatorial optimization tasks, the inference time of VM rescheduling algorithms significantly influences their performance, due to dynamic VM state changes during this period. This causes existing methods to scale poorly. Therefore, we develop a reinforcement learning system for VM rescheduling, VM2RL, which incorporates a set of customized techniques, such as a two-stage framework that accommodates diverse constraints and workload conditions, a feature extraction module that captures relational information specific to rescheduling, as well as a risk-seeking evaluation enabling users to optimize the trade-off between latency and accuracy. We conduct extensive experiments with data from an industry-scale data center. Our results show that VM2RL can achieve a performance comparable to the optimal solution but with a running time of seconds. Code and datasets are open-sourced:this https URL,this https URL.

@article{ding2025_2505.17359,
  title={ Towards VM Rescheduling Optimization Through Deep Reinforcement Learning },
  author={ Xianzhong Ding and Yunkai Zhang and Binbin Chen and Donghao Ying and Tieying Zhang and Jianjun Chen and Lei Zhang and Alberto Cerpa and Wan Du },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.17359},
  year={ 2025 }
}