Benchmarking Expressive Japanese Character Text-to-Speech with VITS and Style-BERT-VITS2

Synthesizing expressive Japanese character speech poses unique challenges due to pitch-accent sensitivity and stylistic variability. This paper benchmarks two open-source text-to-speech models--VITS and Style-BERT-VITS2 JP Extra (SBV2JE)--on in-domain, character-driven Japanese speech. Using three character-specific datasets, we evaluate models across naturalness (mean opinion and comparative mean opinion score), intelligibility (word error rate), and speaker consistency. SBV2JE matches human ground truth in naturalness (MOS 4.37 vs. 4.38), achieves lower WER, and shows slight preference in CMOS. Enhanced by pitch-accent controls and a WavLM-based discriminator, SBV2JE proves effective for applications like language learning and character dialogue generation, despite higher computational demands.

@article{rackauckas2025_2505.17320,
  title={ Benchmarking Expressive Japanese Character Text-to-Speech with VITS and Style-BERT-VITS2 },
  author={ Zackary Rackauckas and Julia Hirschberg },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.17320},
  year={ 2025 }
}