SAE-SSV: Supervised Steering in Sparse Representation Spaces for Reliable Control of Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but controlling their behavior reliably remains challenging, especially in open-ended generation settings. This paper introduces a novel supervised steering approach that operates in sparse, interpretable representation spaces. We employ sparse autoencoders (SAEs)to obtain sparse latent representations that aim to disentangle semantic attributes from model activations. Then we train linear classifiers to identify a small subspace of task-relevant dimensions in latent representations. Finally, we learn supervised steering vectors constrained to this subspace, optimized to align with target behaviors. Experiments across sentiment, truthfulness, and politics polarity steering tasks with multiple LLMs demonstrate that our supervised steering vectors achieve higher success rates with minimal degradation in generation quality compared to existing methods. Further analysis reveals that a notably small subspace is sufficient for effective steering, enabling more targeted and interpretable interventions.

@article{he2025_2505.16188,
  title={ SAE-SSV: Supervised Steering in Sparse Representation Spaces for Reliable Control of Language Models },
  author={ Zirui He and Mingyu Jin and Bo Shen and Ali Payani and Yongfeng Zhang and Mengnan Du },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16188},
  year={ 2025 }
}