Zero-Shot Iterative Formalization and Planning in Partially Observable Environments

Using LLMs not to predict plans but to formalize an environment into the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) has been shown to improve performance and control. Existing work focuses on fully observable environments; we tackle the more realistic and challenging partially observable environments that lack of complete, reliable information. We propose PDDLego+, a framework to iteratively formalize, plan, grow, and refine PDDL representations in a zero-shot manner, without needing access to any existing trajectories. On two textual simulated environments, we show that PDDLego+ improves goal reaching success and exhibits robustness against problem complexity. We also show that the domain knowledge captured after a successful trial can benefit future tasks.

@article{gong2025_2505.13126,
  title={ Zero-Shot Iterative Formalization and Planning in Partially Observable Environments },
  author={ Liancheng Gong and Wang Zhu and Jesse Thomason and Li Zhang },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.13126},
  year={ 2025 }
}