Joint Graph Estimation and Signal Restoration for Robust Federated Learning

We propose a robust aggregation method for model parameters in federated learning (FL) under noisy communications. FL is a distributed machine learning paradigm in which a central server aggregates local model parameters from multiple clients. These parameters are often noisy and/or have missing values during data collection, training, and communication between the clients and server. This may cause a considerable drop in model accuracy. To address this issue, we learn a graph that represents pairwise relationships between model parameters of the clients during aggregation. We realize it with a joint problem of graph learning and signal (i.e., model parameters) restoration. The problem is formulated as a difference-of-convex (DC) optimization, which is efficiently solved via a proximal DC algorithm. Experimental results on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets show that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches by up to $2$--$5\%$ in classification accuracy under biased data distributions and noisy conditions.

@article{fukuhara2025_2505.11648,
  title={ Joint Graph Estimation and Signal Restoration for Robust Federated Learning },
  author={ Tsutahiro Fukuhara and Junya Hara and Hiroshi Higashi and Yuichi Tanaka },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.11648},
  year={ 2025 }
}