Negative Imaginary Neural ODEs: Learning to Control Mechanical Systems with Stability Guarantees

We propose a neural control method to provide guaranteed stabilization for mechanical systems using a novel negative imaginary neural ordinary differential equation (NINODE) controller. Specifically, we employ neural networks with desired properties as state-space function matrices within a Hamiltonian framework to ensure the system possesses the NI property. This NINODE system can serve as a controller that asymptotically stabilizes an NI plant under certain conditions. For mechanical plants with colocated force actuators and position sensors, we demonstrate that all the conditions required for stability can be translated into regularity constraints on the neural networks used in the controller. We illustrate the utility, effectiveness, and stability guarantees of the NINODE controller through an example involving a nonlinear mass-spring system.

@article{shi2025_2504.19497,
  title={ Negative Imaginary Neural ODEs: Learning to Control Mechanical Systems with Stability Guarantees },
  author={ Kanghong Shi and Ruigang Wang and Ian R. Manchester },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.19497},
  year={ 2025 }
}