Critical Challenges and Guidelines in Evaluating Synthetic Tabular Data: A Systematic Review

Generating synthetic tabular data can be challenging, however evaluation of their quality is just as challenging, if not more. This systematic review sheds light on the critical importance of rigorous evaluation of synthetic health data to ensure reliability, relevance, and their appropriate use. Based on screening of 1766 papers and a detailed review of 101 papers we identified key challenges, including lack of consensus on evaluation methods, improper use of evaluation metrics, limited input from domain experts, inadequate reporting of dataset characteristics, and limited reproducibility of results. In response, we provide several guidelines on the generation and evaluation of synthetic data, to allow the community to unlock and fully harness the transformative potential of synthetic data and accelerate innovation.

@article{nafis2025_2504.18544,
  title={ Critical Challenges and Guidelines in Evaluating Synthetic Tabular Data: A Systematic Review },
  author={ Nazia Nafis and Inaki Esnaola and Alvaro Martinez-Perez and Maria-Cruz Villa-Uriol and Venet Osmani },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.18544},
  year={ 2025 }
}