LLM-hRIC: LLM-empowered Hierarchical RAN Intelligent Control for O-RAN

Despite recent advances in applying large language models (LLMs) and machine learning (ML) techniques to open radio access network (O-RAN), critical challenges remain, such as insufficient cooperation between radio access network (RAN) intelligent controllers (RICs), high computational demands hindering real-time decisions, and the lack of domain-specific finetuning. Therefore, this article introduces the LLM-empowered hierarchical RIC (LLM-hRIC) framework to improve the collaboration between RICs in O-RAN. The LLM-empowered non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC) acts as a guider, offering a strategic guidance to the near-real-time RIC (near-RT RIC) using global network information. The RL-empowered near-RT RIC acts as an implementer, combining this guidance with local real-time data to make near-RT decisions. We evaluate the feasibility and performance of the LLM-hRIC framework in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network setting, and finally, discuss the open challenges of the LLM-hRIC framework for O-RAN.

@article{bao2025_2504.18062,
  title={ LLM-hRIC: LLM-empowered Hierarchical RAN Intelligent Control for O-RAN },
  author={ Lingyan Bao and Sinwoong Yun and Jemin Lee and Tony Q.S. Quek },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.18062},
  year={ 2025 }
}