Simultaneous Collision Detection and Force Estimation for Dynamic Quadrupedal Locomotion

In this paper we address the simultaneous collision detection and force estimation problem for quadrupedal locomotion using joint encoder information and the robot dynamics only. We design an interacting multiple-model Kalman filter (IMM-KF) that estimates the external force exerted on the robot and multiple possible contact modes. The method is invariant to any gait pattern design. Our approach leverages pseudo-measurement information of the external forces based on the robot dynamics and encoder information. Based on the estimated contact mode and external force, we design a reflex motion and an admittance controller for the swing leg to avoid collisions by adjusting the leg's reference motion. Additionally, we implement a force-adaptive model predictive controller to enhance balancing. Simulation ablatation studies and experiments show the efficacy of the approach.

@article{zhou2025_2504.17201,
  title={ Simultaneous Collision Detection and Force Estimation for Dynamic Quadrupedal Locomotion },
  author={ Ziyi Zhou and Stefano Di Cairano and Yebin Wang and Karl Berntorp },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.17201},
  year={ 2025 }
}