VoxRep: Enhancing 3D Spatial Understanding in 2D Vision-Language Models via Voxel Representation

Comprehending 3D environments is vital for intelligent systems in domains like robotics and autonomous navigation. Voxel grids offer a structured representation of 3D space, but extracting high-level semantic meaning remains challenging. This paper proposes a novel approach utilizing a Vision-Language Model (VLM) to extract "voxel semantics"-object identity, color, and location-from voxel data. Critically, instead of employing complex 3D networks, our method processes the voxel space by systematically slicing it along a primary axis (e.g., the Z-axis, analogous to CT scan slices). These 2D slices are then formatted and sequentially fed into the image encoder of a standard VLM. The model learns to aggregate information across slices and correlate spatial patterns with semantic concepts provided by the language component. This slice-based strategy aims to leverage the power of pre-trained 2D VLMs for efficient 3D semantic understanding directly from voxel representations.

@article{dao2025_2503.21214,
  title={ VoxRep: Enhancing 3D Spatial Understanding in 2D Vision-Language Models via Voxel Representation },
  author={ Alan Dao and Norapat Buppodom },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.21214},
  year={ 2025 }
}