Learning disentangled representations for instrument-based music similarity

A flexible recommendation and retrieval system requires music similarity in terms of multiple partial elements of musical pieces to allow users to select the element they want to focus on. A method for music similarity learning using multiple networks with individual instrumental signals is effective but faces the problem that using each clean instrumental signal as a query is impractical for retrieval systems and using separated instrumental sounds reduces accuracy owing to artifacts. In this paper, we present instrumental-part-based music similarity learning with a single network that takes mixed sounds as input instead of individual instrumental sounds. Specifically, we designed a single similarity embedding space with disentangled dimensions for each instrument, extracted by Conditional Similarity Networks, which are trained using the triplet loss with masks. Experimental results showed that (1) the proposed method can obtain more accurate feature representation than using individual networks using separated sounds as input in the evaluation of an instrument that had low accuracy, (2) each sub-embedding space can hold the characteristics of the corresponding instrument, and (3) the selection of similar musical pieces focusing on each instrumental sound by the proposed method can obtain human acceptance, especially when focusing on timbre.

@article{hashizume2025_2503.17281,
  title={ Learning disentangled representations for instrument-based music similarity },
  author={ Yuka Hashizume and Li Li and Atsushi Miyashita and Tomoki Toda },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.17281},
  year={ 2025 }
}