Many studies suggest that LLMs have left wing leans. The article extends the US presidential election analysis made in previous works, where multiple LLMs were asked to vote between Joe Biden and Donald Trump in a virtual election, and the results showed a clear lean of LLMs toward Joe Biden. This article considers natural follow-up questions that could arise from that experiment, such as: what is the extent of this phenomenon? Is it generalizable to multiple virtual elections in other countries? The article considers virtual elections in ten european countries: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Romania, Netherlands, Belgium, Czech Republic, and Sweden, and with four different LLMs: gpt4o, claude 3.5 sonnet, mistral-large, and gemini-2.0-flash.
View on arXiv@article{ricciuti2025_2503.13554,
title={ LLMs' Leaning in European Elections },
author={ Federico Ricciuti },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.13554},
year={ 2025 }
}