Cross-Modal Diffusion for Biomechanical Dynamical Systems Through Local Manifold Alignment

We present a mutually aligned diffusion framework for cross-modal biomechanical motion generation, guided by a dynamical systems perspective. By treating each modality, e.g., observed joint angles ($X$) and ground reaction forces ($Y$), as complementary observations of a shared underlying locomotor dynamical system, our method aligns latent representations at each diffusion step, so that one modality can help denoise and disambiguate the other. Our alignment approach is motivated by the fact that local time windows of $X$ and $Y$ represent the same phase of an underlying dynamical system, thereby benefiting from a shared latent manifold. We introduce a simple local latent manifold alignment (LLMA) strategy that incorporates first-order and second-order alignment within the latent space for robust cross-modal biomechanical generation without bells and whistles. Through experiments on multimodal human biomechanics data, we show that aligning local latent dynamics across modalities improves generation fidelity and yields better representations.

@article{dey2025_2503.12214,
  title={ Cross-Modal Diffusion for Biomechanical Dynamical Systems Through Local Manifold Alignment },
  author={ Sharmita Dey and Sarath Ravindran Nair },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.12214},
  year={ 2025 }
}