Blockchain technology has revolutionized industries by enabling secure and decentralized transactions. However, the isolated nature of blockchain ecosystems hinders the seamless transfer of digital assets across different chains. Cross-chain bridges have emerged as vital web3 infrastructure to address this challenge by facilitating interoperability between distinct blockchains. Cross-chain bridges remain vulnerable to various attacks despite sophisticated designs and security measures. The industry has experienced a surge in bridge attacks, resulting in significant financial losses. The largest hack impacted Axie Infinity Ronin Bridge, with a loss of almost \600millionUSD.Thispaperanalyzesrecentcross−chainbridgehacksin2022and2023andexaminestheexploitedvulnerabilities.Byunderstandingtheattacknatureandunderlyingweaknesses,thepaperaimstoenhancebridgesecurityandproposepotentialcountermeasures.Thefindingscontributetodevelopingindustry−widestandardsforbridgesecurityandoperationalresilience.Addressingthevulnerabilitiesandweaknessesexploitedinrecentcross−chainbridgehacksfosterstrustandconfidenceincross−chaininteroperability.
