Towards Sub-millisecond Latency Real-Time Speech Enhancement Models on Hearables

Low latency models are critical for real-time speech enhancement applications, such as hearing aids and hearables. However, the sub-millisecond latency space for resource-constrained hearables remains underexplored. We demonstrate speech enhancement using a computationally efficient minimum-phase FIR filter, enabling sample-by-sample processing to achieve mean algorithmic latency of 0.32 ms to 1.25 ms. With a single microphone, we observe a mean SI-SDRi of 4.1 dB. The approach shows generalization with a DNSMOS increase of 0.2 on unseen audio recordings. We use a lightweight LSTM-based model of 626k parameters to generate FIR taps. Using a real hardware implementation on a low-power DSP, our system can run with 376 MIPS and a mean end-to-end latency of 3.35 ms. In addition, we provide a comparison with existing low-latency spectral masking techniques. We hope this work will enable a better understanding of latency and can be used to improve the comfort and usability of hearables.

@article{dementyev2025_2409.18239,
  title={ Towards Sub-millisecond Latency Real-Time Speech Enhancement Models on Hearables },
  author={ Artem Dementyev and Chandan K. A. Reddy and Scott Wisdom and Navin Chatlani and John R. Hershey and Richard F.Lyon },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.18239},
  year={ 2025 }
}