Controlled Training Data Generation with Diffusion Models

We present a method to control a text-to-image generative model to produce training data useful for supervised learning. Unlike previous works that employ an open-loop approach and pre-define prompts to generate new data using either a language model or human expertise, we develop an automated closed-loop system which involves two feedback mechanisms. The first mechanism uses feedback from a given supervised model and finds adversarial prompts that result in image generations that maximize the model loss. While these adversarial prompts result in diverse data informed by the model, they are not informed of the target distribution, which can be inefficient. Therefore, we introduce the second feedback mechanism that guides the generation process towards a certain target distribution. We call the method combining these two mechanisms Guided Adversarial Prompts. We perform our evaluations on different tasks, datasets and architectures, with different types of distribution shifts (spuriously correlated data, unseen domains) and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed feedback mechanisms compared to open-loop approaches.

@article{yeo2025_2403.15309,
  title={ Controlled Training Data Generation with Diffusion Models },
  author={ Teresa Yeo and Andrei Atanov and Harold Benoit and Aleksandr Alekseev and Ruchira Ray and Pooya Esmaeil Akhoondi and Amir Zamir },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.15309},
  year={ 2025 }
}