Modern metrics for generative learning like Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) and DINOv2-Fréchet Distance (FD-DINOv2) demonstrate impressive performance. However, they suffer from various shortcomings, like a bias towards specific generators and datasets. To address this problem, we propose the Fréchet Wavelet Distance (FWD) as a domain-agnostic metric based on the Wavelet Packet Transform (). FWD provides a sight across a broad spectrum of frequencies in images with a high resolution, preserving both spatial and textural aspects. Specifically, we use to project generated and real images to the packet coefficient space. We then compute the Fréchet distance with the resultant coefficients to evaluate the quality of a generator. This metric is general-purpose and dataset-domain agnostic, as it does not rely on any pre-trained network, while being more interpretable due to its ability to compute Fréchet distance per packet, enhancing transparency. We conclude with an extensive evaluation of a wide variety of generators across various datasets that the proposed FWD can generalize and improve robustness to domain shifts and various corruptions compared to other metrics.
View on arXiv@article{veeramacheneni2025_2312.15289,
title={ Fréchet Wavelet Distance: A Domain-Agnostic Metric for Image Generation },
author={ Lokesh Veeramacheneni and Moritz Wolter and Hildegard Kuehne and Juergen Gall },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.15289},
year={ 2025 }
}