Bloated Disclosures: Can ChatGPT Help Investors Process Financial Information?

Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT can fundamentally change the way investors process information. We probe the economic usefulness of these tools in summarizing complex corporate disclosures using the stock market as a laboratory. The unconstrained summaries are dramatically shorter, often by more than 70% compared to the originals, whereas their information content is amplified. When a document has a positive (negative) sentiment, its summary becomes more positive (negative). More importantly, the summaries are more effective at explaining stock market reactions to the disclosed information. Motivated by these findings, we propose a measure of information "bloat." We show that bloated disclosure is associated with adverse capital markets consequences, such as lower price efficiency and higher information asymmetry. Finally, we show that the model is effective at constructing targeted summaries that identify firms' (non-)financial performance and risks. Collectively, our results indicate that generative language modeling adds considerable value for investors with information processing constraints.

@article{kim2025_2306.10224,
  title={ Bloated Disclosures: Can ChatGPT Help Investors Process Information? },
  author={ Alex Kim and Maximilian Muhn and Valeri Nikolaev },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.10224},
  year={ 2025 }
}