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Tracy-Widom distribution for the edge eigenvalues of elliptical model

16 April 2023
Xiucai Ding
Jiahui Xie
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Abstract

In this paper, we study the largest eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices with elliptically distributed data. We consider the sample covariance matrix Q=YY∗,Q=YY^*,Q=YY∗, where the data matrix Y∈Rp×nY \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times n}Y∈Rp×n contains i.i.d. ppp-dimensional observations yi=ξiTui,  i=1,…,n.\mathbf{y}_i=\xi_iT\mathbf{u}_i,\;i=1,\dots,n.yi​=ξi​Tui​,i=1,…,n. Here ui\mathbf{u}_iui​ is distributed on the unit sphere, ξi∼ξ\xi_i \sim \xiξi​∼ξ is independent of ui\mathbf{u}_iui​ and T∗T=ΣT^*T=\SigmaT∗T=Σ is some deterministic matrix. Under some mild regularity assumptions of Σ,\Sigma,Σ, assuming ξ2\xi^2ξ2 has bounded support and certain proper behavior near its edge so that the limiting spectral distribution (LSD) of QQQ has a square decay behavior near the spectral edge, we prove that the Tracy-Widom law holds for the largest eigenvalues of QQQ when ppp and nnn are comparably large.

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