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Random kkk-out subgraph leaves only O(n/k)O(n/k)O(n/k) inter-component edges

24 September 2019
J. Holm
Valerie King
M. Thorup
Or Zamir
Uri Zwick
    OT
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Abstract

Each vertex of an arbitrary simple graph on nnn vertices chooses kkk random incident edges. What is the expected number of edges in the original graph that connect different connected components of the sampled subgraph? We prove that the answer is O(n/k)O(n/k)O(n/k), when k≥clog⁡nk\ge c\log nk≥clogn, for some large enough ccc. We conjecture that the same holds for smaller values of kkk, possibly for any k≥2k\ge 2k≥2. Such a result is best possible for any k≥2k\ge 2k≥2. As an application, we use this sampling result to obtain a one-way communication protocol with \emph{private} randomness for finding a spanning forest of a graph in which each vertex sends only O(nlog⁡n){O}(\sqrt{n}\log n)O(n​logn) bits to a referee.

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