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Learning random points from geometric graphs or orderings

26 September 2018
J. Díaz
C. McDiarmid
D. Mitsche
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Abstract

Suppose that there is a family of nnn random points XvX_vXv​ for v∈Vv \in Vv∈V, independently and uniformly distributed in the square [−n/2,n/2]2\left[-\sqrt{n}/2,\sqrt{n}/2\right]^2[−n​/2,n​/2]2 of area nnn. We do not see these points, but learn about them in one of the following two ways. Suppose first that we are given the corresponding random geometric graph GGG, where distinct vertices uuu and vvv are adjacent when the Euclidean distance dE(Xu,Xv)d_E(X_u,X_v)dE​(Xu​,Xv​) is at most rrr. If the threshold distance rrr satisfies n3/14≪r≪n1/2n^{3/14} \ll r \ll n^{1/2}n3/14≪r≪n1/2, then the following holds with high probability. Given the graph GGG (without any geometric information), in polynomial time we can approximately reconstruct the hidden embedding, in the sense that, `up to symmetries', for each vertex vvv we find a point within distance about rrr of XvX_vXv​; that is, we find an embedding with `displacement' at most about rrr. Now suppose that, instead of being given the graph GGG, we are given, for each vertex vvv, the ordering of the other vertices by increasing Euclidean distance from vvv. Then, with high probability, in polynomial time we can find an embedding with the much smaller displacement error O(log⁡n)O(\sqrt{\log n})O(logn​).

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