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The bootstrap in kernel regression for stationary ergodic data when both response and predictor are functions

Abstract

We consider the double functional nonparametric regression model Y=r(X)+ϵY=r(X)+\epsilon, where the response variable YY is Hilbert space-valued and the covariate XX takes values in a pseudometric space. The data satisfy an ergodicity criterion which dates back to Laib and Louani (2010) and are arranged in a triangular array. So our model also applies to samples obtained from spatial processes, e.g., stationary random fields indexed by the regular lattice ZN\mathbb{Z}^N for some NN+N\in\mathbb{N}_+. We consider a kernel estimator of the Nadaraya--Watson type for the regression operator rr and study its limiting law which is a Gaussian operator on the Hilbert space. Moreover, we investigate both a naive and a wild bootstrap procedure in the double functional setting and demonstrate their asymptotic validity. This is quite useful as building confidence sets based on an asymptotic Gaussian distribution is often difficult.

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