The proliferation of malwares have been attributed to the alternations of a handful of original malware source codes. The malwares alternated from the same origin share some intrinsic behaviors and form a malware family. Expediently, identifying its malware family when a malware is first seen on the Internet can provide useful clues to mitigate the threat. In this paper, a malware profiler (VMP) is proposed to profile the execution behaviors of a malware by leveraging virtual machine introspection (VMI) technique. The VMP inserts plug-ins inside the virtual machine monitor (VMM) to record the invoked API calls with their input parameters and return values as the profile of malware. In this paper, a popular similarity measurement Jaccard distance and a phylogenetic tree construction method are adopted to discover malware families. The studies of malware profiles show the malwares from a malware family are very similar to each others and distinct from other malware families as well as benign software. This paper also examines VMP against existing anti-malware detection engines and some well-known malware grouping methods to compare the goodness in their malware family constructions. A peer voting approach is proposed and the results show VMP is better than almost all of the compared anti-malware engines, and compatible with the fine tuned text-mining approach and high order N-gram approaches. We also establish a malware profiling website based on VMP for malware research.
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